Tuesday, November 11, 2008
Saturday, November 08, 2008
Diet and prostate cancer
Clinical trial results revealed exclusively to ITV News show for the first time on this scale, that changing diet and lifestyle after cancer has been diagnosed, can significantly improve a patient's outcome.
The trial, centred at Addenbrooke's Hospital in
After a year of improving their diet and increasing exercise, nearly 40 per cent of them no longer required the expected surgery or radiotherapy.
Several studies show that eating certain foods may reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer, reduce the likelihood of prostate cancer coming back after treatment, or help slow down progression of the disease.
In recent years, the British diet has included less fruit and vegetables and more saturated fats and meat products. These changes may increase the risk of men developing prostate cancer over many years.
Wednesday, October 29, 2008
135 grapes a day could help lower blood pressure and minimise risk of heart attack
135 grapes a day could help lower blood pressure and minimise risk of heart attack
By
Daily Mail Reporter
Last updated at 10:38 AM on 29th October 2008
Grapes helped lower blood pressure and improve heart function in lab
rats fed an otherwise salty diet, U.S. researchers have said.
The findings, published in the Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, may help people with high blood pressure, they said.
'These
findings support our theory that something within the grapes themselves
has a direct impact on cardiovascular risk, beyond the simple blood
pressure-lowering impact that we already know can come from a diet rich
in fruits and vegetables,' said Mitchell Seymour of the
Cardioprotection Research Laboratory at the University of Michigan.
The research showed that rats on a high-salt diet had less cardiovascular risk when they ate grape powder
In
a study sponsored in part by California grape producers, Seymour and
colleagues examined the effects of ordinary grapes on rats that develop
high blood pressure when fed a salty diet.
Some of the rats
ate a diet containing a powder from red, green and purple table grapes
and a high-salt diet. Others were fed the grape powder and a low-salt
diet. The powder, which contained the same nutrients in fresh grapes,
allowed the scientists to measure the rats' intake carefully.
After
18 weeks, the rats that ate the grape-enriched diet had lower blood
pressure, better heart function, reduced inflammation throughout their
bodies, and fewer signs of heart muscle damage than rats that ate a
salty diet but no grapes.
'The inevitable downhill sequence to
hypertension and heart failure was changed by the addition of grape
powder to a high-salt diet,' Dr. Steven Bolling of the University of
Michigan, who heads up the lab, said in a statement.
Bolling
said he thinks flavonoids, beneficial chemicals found in grapes, green
tea, cocoa and and tomatoes, could be having an effect on blood
pressure. Flavonoids have been shown in other studies to have
heart-health benefits.
Food producers are keen to show the
health benefits of their products. Studies sponsored by chocolate
makers, almond and walnut producers have shown various heart benefits,
including reducing inflammation in blood vessels and lowering the risk
of heart attacks and stroke.
Grape powder comprised about
three percent of the rats' diet. For humans, that would be about nine
servings of grapes a day. One serving is about 15 grapes.
The
California Table Grape Commission provided financial support for the
study and supplied the grape powder. Other sponsors included the
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, part of the National
Institutes of Health.
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, can lead to heart attack, heart failure, stroke and kidney failure.
Tuesday, September 02, 2008
Major breakthrough in cancer research
Major breakthrough in cancer research as scientists unlock the secrets of crucial enzyme
By
Fiona Macrae
Scientists now understand the secrets of cancer enzyme telomerase
A
major breakthrough in cancer research could lead to the creation of
'one-size-fits-all' drugs capable of tackling almost all forms of the
disease.
Scientists have unravelled the secrets of an enzyme called telomerase that makes cancer cells immortal.
This allows them to multiply uncontrollably and cause disease.
The landmark discovery paves the way for the creation of drugs that block the enzyme, stopping tumour growth.
With
telomerase at work in almost all human cancers, such a drug or family
of drugs could have a major impact in the treatment of the disease
which affects almost 300,000 Britons a year and kills someone every
four minutes.
Liz Baker, of charity Cancer Research UK, said: 'This is a crucial part of the puzzle in understanding how telomerase works.
'Fundamental
research like this may help scientists to design drugs that block
telomerase and could potentially be used to treat a wide range of
cancers.'
The implications of the US research do not end there,
with new anti-ageing treatments or better drugs for age-related
diseases also possibly on the cards, the journal Nature reports.
The researchers from the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, have deciphered the structure of a key part of telomerase.
In
healthy cells, the enzyme is all but switched off, and the cells
multiply a set number of times before dying - a key part of the ageing
process.
But in up to 90 per cent of cancers, the enzyme is activated, allowing runaway cell division and tumour growth.
Solving
the compound's structure will allow scientists to design drugs that
deactivate the enzyme and so halt the disease in its tracks.
The
targeting of cancerous cells should mean such medicines would be free
of the side-effects such as the pain, nausea and hair loss associated
with conventional treatments.
Previous attempts to make telomerase-blocking drugs have been thwarted by lack of knowledge about the enzyme.
Study leader Dr Emmanuel Skordalakes described the breakthrough as 'extremely exciting'.
'Telomerase
is an ideal target for chemotherapy because it is active in almost all
human tumours, but inactive in most normal cells,' he said.
'That means a drug that deactivates telomerase would likely work against all cancers, with few side effects.'
Unravelling the mysteries of telomerase could also pave the way for therapies that combat ageing and age-related diseases.
Switching on telomerase in a controlled, safe way, could theoretically produce younger, healthier and longer living tissue.
The
researchers concluded: 'Because telomerase has a critical role in both
cancer and ageing, these findings could potentially assist our efforts
to identify and develop inhibitors and/or activators of this enzyme for
the treatment of cancer and ageing, respectively.'
But the
enzyme's structure is complex and any drugs that are designed will have
to go through many years of laboratory, animal and human testing before
they reach the pharmacy shelves.
Sunday, August 24, 2008
Red grapes 'are wonder cure for high blood pressure and cholesterol'
Red grapes are more than just the source for the world’s
finest wine - the fruits themselves are a wonder cure against heart
attacks, according to new research.
And while a glass of wine is
a recognised part of a healthy Mediterranean-style diet, it seems the
bits of the grape thrown away to make the tipple could be even
healthier.
Researchers made a cocktail extracted from the most
fibre-rich parts of the grape such as the skin and seeds which are the
waste byproduct in vineyards.
Tests on human volunteers found the
extract was extremely rich in both fibre and antioxidants which reduce
the risks of cardiovascular disease - the world’s biggest killer.
Most
other superfoods for the heart, like the plant extract psyllium or
healthy oats for instance, are usually good for either fibre or
antioxidants rather than both together.
But the tests at Madrid
University using a concoction called Grape Antioxidant Dietary Fibre
(GADF) was high in both potentially lifesaving ingredients.
Over
a 16 week period, adding the extract to the volunteers’ regular
diet ‘significantly’ reduced their ‘Lipid
Profile’ - the range of tests to determine a patient’s risk
of heart disease.
This included reducing blood pressure by up to
five per cent and cholesterol by up to 14 per cent among the
volunteers, said the research.
A Mediterranean-style diet
including components like red wine, olive oil and tomatoes has long
been considered healthier than other Western diets rich in deep fried
and fast food.
The research suggests the grape extract would make such a diet
up to 50 per cent even more effective in reducing the risks of heart
attacks.
Cardiovascular disease is the biggest cause of death in
the Western World accounting for up to 50 per cent of all natural
mortalities.
The extract, if turned into a health supplement,
could be particularly useful for those who suffer from high blood
pressure or high cholesterol, said the researchers.
The results
are published in the journal Nutrition today/Wed after 34 non-smoking
adults were tested with the GADF extract over 16 weeks.
While
that was going on, a further nine students from the university who were
not given the extract were also monitored so they could be compared to
the first group.
Those given GADF saw ‘significantly
reduced total cholesterol’, particularly LDL, the type known as
‘bad cholesterol’ which can lead to heart problems in later
life.
The reduction in both cholesterol and blood pressure was
much bigger than the effects caused by other high fibre products on the
market, they said.
Researcher Jara Perez Jimenez said: ‘GADF showed significant reducing effects in lipid profile and blood pressure.
‘The
effects appear to be higher than the ones caused by other dietary
fibres, such as oat fibre or psyllium, probably due to the combined
effect of dietary fibre and antioxidants.’
I limped for 10 years - but a tiny implant cured it in seconds
Thousands of Britons limp as a result of a dropped
foot caused by conditions such as stroke or head injuries. Brandon
Chambers, 38, a painter from Bristol, has benefited from a new implant.
He tells CAROL DAVIS about his experience, and his surgeon explains the procedure.
THE PATIENT
Making great strides: Brandon Chambers had
difficulty walking after a brain hemorrhage, but a new implant now
allows him to walk properly
A dropped foot doesn't sound very serious, but it's
extremely debilitating - I was only 22 when I developed it in my left
foot, and since then I haven't been able to walk without enormous
effort. I had to stop constantly to rest and would often trip over,
especially when I was tired.
It started when I woke up one
Sunday with an excruciating headache; I tried to sit up but collapsed,
so my flatmate called an ambulance.
I woke up ten days
later in hospital, paralysed down the left side of my body. I was told
a blood vessel in my brain had burst and had damaged the part that
controls movement (luckily my cognitive abilities weren't affected).
After
months of physiotherapy, I went home - in a wheelchair. It was five
months before I could walk again, and even then, because the muscles in
the ankle were still weak, my left foot dropped so my toes trailed on
the floor.
I had to wear a brace from below the knee to the
tip of my toes to keep my foot in a semi-raised position, so I wouldn't
trip over it.
But I still had to make a real effort to lift
my leg higher than normal to clear my foot, which was very tiring. The
brace was also heavy and caused painful calluses.
At the
time, I'd been a nursing assistant in A&E, but had to give that up.
Over the next decade or so I had regular check ups, then two years ago
my consultant mentioned a new technique, functional electrical
stimulation.
He explained electrodes could be stuck on the
leg just above the calf bone. A sensor pad connected by wires would
also be placed in my shoe under the heel of the foot.
Whenever
my heel started to rise off the ground, an electrical signal would be
sent to the leg and prompt the muscles to lift the front of the foot
before I put it down again.
The electrodes would be fired from a
control box - the size of a pack of playing cards - kept in my pocket;
the wires ran from here down the inside of my trousers.
I
was referred to Salisbury District Hospital. Six months later I was
given the two electrode patches. It was extraordinary to see my foot
move again after ten years.
I could feel tingling every
time the electrodes fired, and walking was so much easier. But I
developed eczema where the patches touched my skin, so it was hard to
use them for longer than a few days at a time.
Then my
physio suggested a permanent implant. The Stimustep implant was exactly
the same as the external electrodes, but would be implanted in the leg,
so it wouldn't affect my skin.
I was referred to plastic
surgeon John Hobby, who performed the operation. I had a general
anaesthetic for the one-hour operation.
The implant itself,
which is the size of a £2 coin, consists of a tiny generator
attached to two minuscule electrodes; this was put under my skin, 15cm
below my left knee.
Two weeks later, a control box was strapped to my calf, which sends a signal to fire the electrodes.
Cables linked the control box to a sensor in my shoe, and the electrodes fired when the pressure pad detected my heel lifting.
I can control the intensity the nerves are stimulated: too little and my foot won't lift - too much and I'd have an odd gait.
The control box needs charging every few days, so I plug it into the mains overnight like a mobile phone.
The implant may need replacing in 20 years or so. But I can finally walk normally again and have no problems with eczema.
I've just been on holiday with my partner Selina to Barcelona and I was able to walk for hours. It's changed my life.
THE SURGEON
Mr John Hobby is consultant plastic surgeon at Salisbury District Hospital.
He says... Around
25,000 people in Britain a year develop a dropped foot. This is because
the area of the brain that sends signals to limbs has been damaged -
through stroke, head injury or other conditions.
In
patients with dropped foot, the signals to lift their foot when they
take a step are either not being generated or not getting through.
So
their foot drags and they can trip over it. Patients with some movement
are offered physiotherapy to re-educate the body and teach them to
cope.
They can also wear a splint that keeps their foot in
a half-raised position, around 45 degrees, so their toes don't trail
and walking is easier.
As the nerve and muscle systems are
often still intact in the foot, it is still possible to signal to the
foot to lift and turn when the patient takes a step.
We've
treated around 2,500 patients with patches - surface stimulation -
including those who've recently developed a dropped foot, and those who
may have had it for many years.
While the patches work
well, they can be difficult to apply; they have to be stuck in a
specific place - 1cm out and they don't work. They can also send an
unpleasant tingling when the electrodes fire through the skin, causing
skin irritation.
But we can now also implant a stimulator under the skin. It works the same way as the electrodes, without the skin irritation.
To
place the implant we make a 6cm incision, below the knee. We isolate
the common peroneal nerve, which runs down the leg and has two branches
- a deep branch that transmits the signals to lift the foot, and a
superficial branch, which mainly sends signals to turn it.
Then
we make a small incision in the protective cover of the nerve and
attach two electrodes - one to the deep branch, the other to the
superficial branch - securing them with stitches.
The
electrodes are then connected, via flexible silicon leads, to the
generator bit of the implant. We check the electrodes are working
properly then close up the incision with deep stitches and dress it.
We
see the patient two weeks later to check the wound is healing properly.
This is when the patient is given the control box that is strapped
around the calf and connected by cables to a pressure pad in the shoe.
The patient can then adjust the stimulation intensity themselves.
I was delighted to hear that Brandon's implant works well and wish him many years of useful movement.
• The operation costs £6,400 privately, and a similar cost to the NHS.
Tuesday, August 12, 2008
Adjustable-continence therapy
Balloons placed in the bladder can cure stress incontinence
Two balloons implanted into the bladder in as little as ten minutes may be a new solution for stress incontinence.
Research
shows that seven out of 10 women were helped by the therapy, which is
designed to increase pressure around the bladder neck.
After
six months, nearly 70 per cent of the women implanted with the
devices - for whom all other treatments had failed
- were dry with no leakages. Read the story online
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
'When I kept falling over, my wife said I was drunk': One man's battle with the disease that killed Dudley Moore
On a good day, Ray Nind falls five times. In the pastyear, he's been rushed to hospital six times to be treated for the
resulting injuries - usually cuts to the back of his head that need
stitches.
'When I first began falling, people
thought I was drunk,' says Ray, 56. 'Even my wife thought I had been
drinking. She kept asking if I'd "had a few" on the quiet, but I
honestly hadn't. I didn't know why I kept falling. Now, fortunately,
everyone who knows me is aware I fall because I'm ill.'
Until
recently, Ray, who lives in Ilford, Essex, ran a building business,
employed more than 20 staff and drove a three-litre Jaguar. 'Now I just
watch TV all day,' he says. 'It's all I can do.'
Read his story
Beating heart surgery technique
Traditional heart bypass surgery is often too risky for
elderly patients, but new techniques mean such patients can now have
the life-saving operation.
Here,
Christina Hunter, 83, a widowed mother-of-two from Kirkcaldy, Scotland,
tells CHARLOTTE HARDING how this has restored her quality of life, then
her surgeon explains the procedure.
Monday, July 28, 2008
Blood pressure drug dementia hope
Blood pressure drug dementia hope
A drug used to lower blood pressure could prevent or delay thousands of Alzheimer's cases, US research has suggested.
People taking angiotensin receptor blockers were up to 40% less likely
to develop dementia than those taking other blood pressure drugs.
And patients already suffering from dementia were less likely to get worse.
The number of people in the UK with dementia is expected to soar to 1.7 million over the next two decades.
This study highlights that it is becoming increasingly important to investigate blood pressure lowering drugs as a potential treatment for dementia Professor Clive Ballard Alzheimer's Society |
This could mean an enormous extra burden for families and the taxpayer,
but the Boston University School of Medicine research, presented at a
conference in Chicago, suggests there could be ways to prevent it.
High blood pressure over long periods can lead to
damaged blood vessels, and is known to increase the risk of not only
strokes and heart disease, but dementia as well.
Some types of dementia are directly related to the
condition of the arteries supplying the brain, but blood pressure is
also thought to play a role in Alzheimer's disease, which is linked to
the appearance of protein deposits in brain tissue.
However, the reasons for this are not clear.
Symptom delay
The research looked at records of approximately six million people treated for high blood pressure between 2001 and 2006.
Those who took angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were less likely,
over that period, to be diagnosed with dementia compared with those on
other blood pressure medication such as ACE inhibitors.
If they already had dementia in 2001, they were 45%
less likely to go on to develop delirium, be admitted to a nursing
home, or die prematurely.
This evidence suggests that the drugs, which help
prevent the constriction of blood vessels, could not only prevent, or
at least delay, the arrival of dementia symptoms, but also slow down
the progress of the disease.
ARBs are normally prescribed only to patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
Professor Clive Ballard, from the Alzheimer's Society, said that full
clinical trials, following a smaller number of patients over a longer
period, were now needed.
"High blood pressure doubles the risk of Alzheimer's
disease and increases risk of stroke - this study highlights that it is
becoming increasingly important to investigate blood pressure lowering
drugs as a potential treatment for dementia.
"These findings will be important in stimulating
further research into the relationship between anti-hypertension drugs
and the development of dementia."
Wednesday, June 11, 2008
How the wrong drugs could be causing your depression
By
Lucy Elkins
Last updated at 9:47 PM on 09th June 2008
Comments (
Add to My StoriesFeeling worn out? Having trouble getting out of bed each day?
Finding it hard deciding what to do with your time? Turn up at your
GP's surgery with these symptoms and the chances are you will be
diagnosed with depression.
Two million people in Britain
are taking antidepressants, yet according to a new book, many of these
people aren't mentally ill at all but have been misdiagnosed.
In
Beating Stress, Anxiety And Depression, Professor Jane Plant, a leading
scientist from University College Hospital in London, and Janet
Stephenson, a psychologist at a London hospital, claim the medical
profession's approach to mental illness and depression in particular is
wrong - with medics often mistaking symptoms of a physical condition
for depression.
Many people taking antidepressants have been misdiagnosed, according to a new book
'A
study by an American psychiatrist found that more than 10 per cent of
patients diagnosed with mental illness are actually suffering from an
underlying physical condition, such as a heart murmur or a mineral
deficiency such as calcium or magnesium that causes depression-like
symptoms,' says Professor Plant.
Thyroid problems can also cause depression.
Another
study found that more than 40 per cent of patients diagnosed as
depressed at one medical practice were found to have been taking
medication that causes depression as a side effect.
'Asthma treatments, for example, can cause depression, but some doctors don't know this,' she says.
The
authors also believe that doctors and psychiatrists frequently
prescribe the wrong kinds of drug, which can leave people feeling even
worse than they did without treatment.
'In a recent report from
Bristol University, it was estimated that 40 per cent of mental health
cases in Britain receive the wrong kind of treatment for their
condition,' says Professor Plant.
As the professor's own
experience bears out. For eight years she was wrongly prescribed
benzodiazepine, an antianxiety medication, and ended up needing
hospital treatment.
Problem began in 1993 when she was told
the breast cancer she thought she'd overcome had returned, and she was
given only two months to live.
Within six months she had
beaten the terminal cancer. However, her GP continued to prescribe
tranquillisers. Professor Plant noticed something was wrong a few
months after returning to work.
'I was talking to colleagues
and saw what I thought were electronic worms coming out of their heads.
I instantly thought it must be the fault of the pills I was taking,'
she says.
Her doctor simply gave her a slightly weaker dose.
'I
am an eloquent scientist, but even I did not think to question his
advice,' she says. 'I assumed the drug was no big deal and would just
help with my difficulty in sleeping. I had no idea it could be
mind-altering and cause a serious addiction.'
Indeed, the longer
Professor Plant stayed on the pills, the more she needed - and the
more anxious she became. When she told her doctor, she was taken off
the benzodiazepine and prescribed an antidepressant.
Within days
she was feeling suicidal. Fearing for her safety, her husband called an
ambulance. A hospital psychiatrist realised she was suffering from
benzodiazepine withdrawal. The dose was gradually reduced and she was
also offered counselling.
This problem is far from unique.
'The
Bristol Cancer Help Centre receives almost as many calls from cancer
patients addicted to tranquillisers - which doctors give them to get
over the shock of their illness - as they do about the cancer. It
should not be like this. Psychotherapy or counselling is more effective
than pills for patients like me facing cancer.'
The authors also believe there is too much of a 'one size fits all' approach to treating mental health within the NHS.
'There
are seven different types of anxiety and depression, such as clinical
depression, postnatal depression, panic attacks and generalised anxiety
disorder, and each needs to be treated differently,' says Professor
Plant.
'For example, those with anxiety tend to react well
to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as this helps train them to
react and think differently, so they do not feel anxious when they
encounter various situations.
'On the other hand, CBT would
not be so helpful for someone with post-natal depression, for example,
as it is more of a hormonal issue and is best treated by providing the
mother with support and counselling.
'Drugs should be avoided because she might be breastfeeding.
'However,
manic depression, which is triggered by a chemical imbalance in the
brain, can be helped with the right kind of medication, often the mood
stabiliser lithium, to remedy that imbalance.
'The problem is
that confronted with a mental health problem, doctors are often quick
to prescribe a mind-altering pill rather than to think of some other
form of treatment such as therapy.
'This is the way they have been trained, yet often that is not the solution.'
The
authors also suggest that relatives of someone who is suspected of
being mentally ill should press for tests to prevent them from being
given the wrong medication or treatment.
'If a doctor does
prescribe a drug, they should ascertain if the patient has low levels
of neurotransmitters - brain chemicals such as serotonin that help
influence mood - and which one is low, as this can better inform them
which drug to use,' says Professor Plant.
This can be checked by a urine or blood test and is routinely done in private clinics.
The
problem is that most NHS doctors aren't even aware such tests exist.
This leads to a suck-itandsee approach. Doctors randomly try drugs
before they find the right combination that works. But the medical test
approach is controversial.
'The diagnosis of depression is
made from clinical history, not blood tests,' says Graham Archard,
vice-chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners.
This
is not good enough, say Professor Plant and Janet Stephenson. 'A mental
health patient has only a chance of getting the right help. How can
anyone dealing with patients be happy with this?'
•
Beating Stress, Anxiety And Depression by Professor Jane Plant and
Janet Stephenson (Piatkuson, £12.99). © Jane Plant and Janet Stephenson
2008. To order a copy (p&p free), call 
0845 606 4206
.
Wednesday, June 04, 2008
The tiny battery pumping new life into damaged hearts
By
Daily Mail Reporter
Last updated at 9:33 PM on 02nd June 2008
A tiny pump the size of a tv remote battery has been found to increase blood flow in the heart
A tiny blood pump the size of a battery in a TV remote has been implanted in patients with chronic heart failure.
The
device works with the patient's own heart, and is designed to
supplement the heart's own pumping, increasing blood flow and allowing
the heart to rest and potentially recover.
Implanted with minimal surgery, it is so small it can be placed just under the skin in a pacemaker-like pocket.
Made by U.S.-based Circulite, it is designed to provide long-term circulation support for patients with chronic heart failure.
Its patented micro-pump took eight years to develop.
A small number of patients have so far been implanted with the device.
'Patients
have demonstrated significant clinical improvements,' says Dr Bart
Meyns, chief of cardiac surgery at Gasthuisberg University Hospital,
Belgium, who has been involved in the pump's development.
Sunday, June 01, 2008
New drug shrinks even the most severe breast cancer tumours
New drug shrinks even the most severe breast
cancer tumours
By
Jo Macfarlane
Last updated at 2:24 AM on 01st June 2008
Hope: Maralyn Braff's condition has stabilised since taking new drug
A new breast cancer drug has been shown to shrink tumours in women with one of the most aggressive forms of the disease.
One
in four given the drug in a clinical trial saw their tumours reduce in
size. A further one in four were told by doctors that their tumours had
got no bigger.
The women, who all had an advanced and
aggressive form of breast cancer, had previously been given Herceptin
but it had failed to slow their disease.
However, when treated with a combination of Herceptin and new drug pertuzumab, some of the growths began to reduce in size.
The findings offer new hope to women with aggressive HER2-positive breast cancer.
Around
10,000 in Britain are diagnosed with the condition every year, which
makes up around 20 to 30 per cent of all breast cancer cases.
Women
are diagnosed as having HER2-positivity if they are found to have large
quantities of a protein known as HER2 on the surface of the tumour
cells.
The diagnosis means the disease will be more aggressive and harder to treat as it will not respond well to chemotherapy.
But
pertuzumab works by preventing the HER2 protein from binding with other
cells, a pairing which is thought to play an important role in the
growth and spread of cancer.
Breast cancer patient Maralyn
Braff, 54, has seen her condition stabilise since taking part in a
trial involving Herceptin and pertuzumab.
The transplant
co-ordinator from Burnage, Manchester, was diagnosed with breast cancer
15 years ago and it spread to her lungs in 2001, despite her having a
double mastectomy.
She said: ‘My original diagnosis was for me
not to live beyond 49, but here I am at 54. I haven’t felt any worse
since it began. If they said standing in the corner on my head would
help I’d do it.
‘It’s a wonderful step forward. Even if in the long term it doesn’t come to a standstill I’m thrilled to bits.’
Experts
hope they could eventually prevent breast cancer from forming in the
first place by giving the drug to high-risk women who test positive for
the HER2 protein. It could also replace the need for damaging
chemotherapy treatments.
The clinical trial results were presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology conference in Chicago on Friday.
The
international trial involved 66 patients in the UK, France, Italy,
Spain and Canada who had advanced breast cancer that had spread to
other organs.
One of the study’s authors, Dr David Miles,
medical oncologist at specialist cancer hospital Mount Vernon,
Middlesex, said: ‘While it’s not a big study, what you’re really
looking for is proof of principle.
‘In one quarter of the women we shrunk their tumours and in a further quarter we stabilised their growth.’
The
combination of Herceptin and pertuzumab is not currently licensed in
the UK, but it is hoped it could be available within five years.
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Saturday, May 03, 2008
Diet treatment call for epilepsy
A new Study as shown on the BBC Web Site shows that
"A special high-fat diet helps to control fits in children with epilepsy, a UK trial suggests."
Yet again re-enforcing the previous article on this site
Thursday, February 21, 2008
The Ketogenic Diet
Tony
Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Embarrassed by incontinence? Now you don't have to be
What started as one woman's attempt to help her mother with an embarrassing condition has just won a major medical award - and could help transform the lives of thousands of others who suffer from incontinence.
The device - Incostress - had the most unlikely of beginnings.
On a shopping trip in Swansea ten years ago, Gaynor Morgan noticed her mother Carole freeze in the middle of a department store, and then panic, insisting that they had to go home immediately.
It was only when they were safely back that Carole burst into tears and explained that she had wet herself. She had coughed and leaked urine, and was terrified other shoppers would notice the wet patch.
'She was so embarrassed,' says Gaynor. 'It was only then that she told me it had been going on for months.'
Carole, then only 51, withdrew to the house, rarely going out - 'she wouldn't go shopping or out with friends for fear of wetting herself,' says Gaynor.
When Carole saw her GP and told her about the incontinence, he treated her for depression, prescribing antidepressants.
Prompted by her mother's distress, Gaynor searched the market for products that might help but found only incontinence pads.
The lightbulb moment came two years after Carole first developed the problem when she mentioned that it wasn't as bad during menstruation when using a tampon.
As Carole had previously been a nurse (for 15 years), and Gaynor had geriatric nursing experience, they used their physiological knowledge to devise something which would reduce the flow through the urethra and support the bladder.
The solution was a type of tampon. They sat down at the kitchen table to make a simple prototype using Gaynor's five-yearold daughter's art material - self-hardening clay - then sealing it with silicone sealant.
Carole covered it with a condom for hygiene reasons, and tested it.
'She started doing star jumps in the middle of the kitchen,' says Gaynor, 'and though she had a full bladder, she didn't leak at all. "It works, it works!" she yelled. She wore it every day after that, and started to go out again without the slightest leak.'
Her confidence - and social life - returned and she no longer needed antidepressants.
Carole told a friend about her transformation; the friend told another, who wanted one too, and soon the women had made half a dozen.
Then Gaynor found a liquid latex which dried faster than silicone - and in 2000, she got a patent for her groundbreaking invention.
Incostress is shaped like a ribbed tampon and made of medical grade silicone. Gaynor had samples made commercially, and once the product was properly validated to EC standards, in 2005, she approached urologists at her local hospital in Swansea to run trials.
'Though it didn't work for everybody it worked very well for between a quarter and a third of women,' says Simon Emery, consultant urogynaecologist at Singleton Hospital.
Although some women found it hard to hold the early prototype in, it's now been altered and the ribbing was added, so it stays in place more easily. So effective was it for some women that they took their names off the list for surgery.
As well as closing the urethra and supporting the neck of the bladder to stop an involuntary leakage, the minor effort to keep the device in place strengthens the pelvic floor, by encouraging the muscles to work. Those with weak pelvic floor muscles may need to remove the device to urinate normally.
Carole's sudden death in 2004, from fluid in the lungs after a heart attack, spurred Gaynor on to form her own company, and with backing from the Wales Innovative Network-UK she went into production with more sophisticated versions of the Incostress.
The device has just won a gold medal for innovation in the medical category at the British Innovation and Technical awards.
Urinary incontinence affects nearly ten million women in the UK, according to the charity Continence Foundation.
'It is a huge problem for millions of women in this country,' says Frank Chinegwundoh, consultant urological surgeon at Barts Hospital and Newham University Hospital in London.
'Although it's not painful, it is a socially embarrassing condition which can prevent women from going out or taking exercise, and can affect sexual relationships.'
As a consultant urological surgeon at Bristol Urological Institute, Marcus Drake regularly sees women who burst into tears in his clinic in despair.
'If it was cancer, say, there would be a huge amount of sympathy for these women. But incontinence is a huge problem which is massively underestimated and yet very prevalent. The trouble is, women daren't talk about it even with their closest friends - they're ashamed of it.'
The most common form is stress incontinence - when a small amount of urine is leaked during activity or coughing and sneezing.
This is sometimes combined with urge incontinence where the bladder suddenly empties.
Urine is held in the bladder and emptied through the urethra to outside of the body. The bladder is supported and kept in shape by the pelvic floor muscles, a large hammock of muscles. The openings from the bladder and urethra, bowels and vagina all pass through the pelvic floor.
Pelvic floor muscles naturally squeeze when put under pressure - for instance when you laugh, lift anything heavy or cough - and so ensure the bladder outlet remains closed. But these muscles can become weakened.
Ageing and being overweight can exacerbate the problem, but many women's problems start in pregnancy, as childbearing and childbirth weaken the pelvic floor.
One study found that 38 per cent of women experience continence problems three months after birth - and around 42 per cent of women wait 15 years before seeking treatment.
The good news, say the experts, is that something can always be done to improve - and cure - bladder weakness.
Last October, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence launched new guidelines for treatment.
The first step is lifestyle changes, including losing weight for women who are very overweight, and giving up smoking, since a chronic cough can make leakage worse.
Women then do pelvic floor exercises for at least three months.
If this doesn't work women may by offered drug treatment to - tighten the valve in the urethra.
And if this fails women can be offered surgery. One option is using a strip of synthetic tape to form a sling supporting the urethra.
'Surgery is reasonably effective, but all procedures carry risks, including infection and blood vessel injury,' says Dr Chinegwundoh.
'Things can go wrong, so women need to try simple methods before considering surgery.'
It seems nothing could be simpler than the Incostress - as Gaynor herself discovered when she, too, developed incontinence.
'I know now that there are lots of people like me, but they won't talk about it, and many won't look for help,' she says. 'But if the kitchen tap was leaking, we'd get it fixed, not just put a cloth under it.
'If you've got a leak, don't suffer in silence - go out and get some help, because you are not alone.'
• www.incostress.com
Thursday, December 13, 2007
Taking statins can significantly cut the risk of having a repeat stroke, research has shown.
The drugs have already been prescribed to millions of Britons because they are believed to cut the risk of heart attacks.
They do this by reducing a patient's cholesterol - which is also believed to be a risk factor for strokes. A U.S. study found that those who had already had one ischaemic stroke - caused by a clot blocking a blood vessel in the brain - reduced their chances of having another by 16 per cent if they took a statin called atorvastatin.
However, a secondary analysis published in the journal Neurology discovered that this benefit was partially undermined by a slight increase in the risk of suffering a haemorrhagic stroke, where a ruptured blood vessel bleeds into the brain.
This type of stroke is far less common, accounting for just one in ten of all cases.
Of those taking atorvastatin, 2.3 per cent experienced a haemorrhagic stroke compared with 1.4 per cent of those taking a placebo.
However, the study in Neurology also backed up the U.S. research's findings that statins are effective at lowering the risk of the more common ischaemic stroke.
Experts said yesterday that having high cholesterol is one of the biggest risk factors for a stroke and patients should not stop taking preventative drugs without seeking medical advice. Ellen
Mason, of the British Heart Foundation, said: 'Haemorrhagic strokes are rare in comparison to ischaemic strokes, which are caused by blood clots.
"Taking a statin, such as atorvastatin, reduces the risk of having an ischaemic stroke and people should not be frightened of taking these."
She added: "People who have had a haemorrhagic stroke before will probably continue to benefit from taking atorvastatin - as there is a substantial drop in the overall risk of heart attacks and ischaemic strokes, but only a small increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke."
Around 3.4million Britons are prescribed statins, which are said to save around 10,000 lives a year.
The five-year study involved 4,700 patients, who had suffered a full-blown stroke or mini-stroke.
It was funded by Pfizer - the manufacturer of atorvastatin, which is also known as Lipitor.
It looked at patients aged around 63 from Europe, Africa, Australia, the Middle East and the U.S., who were recruited within six months of suffering a stroke.
Most were already being treated with aspirin - which thins the blood, reducing the chances of having a heart attack - and those with high blood pressure were taking medication to lower it.
The researchers randomly assigned patients to receive either the maximum recommended dose of atorvastatin or an inactive pill.
The study found that 80mg a day of statins reduced the risk of fatal and non-fatal ischaemic strokes by 16 per cent, probably by lowering levels of cholesterol.
This compared with an increase in the risk of haemorrhagic strokes of 0.7 points - from 1.4 per cent to 2.3 per cent.
Dr Larry Goldstein, of Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, who led the study, said this small increase "must be balanced" against the overall drop in risk.
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Hospital bugs 'hit communities'
Virulent bugs are spreading outside hospitals and inside the community and may put lives at risk, experts say.
They want doctors to be alert to a potentially lethal form of MRSA which can infect the lungs, and may strike young people in particular.
At the same time, Irish researchers say a drug-resistant bug behind bladder infections is becoming widespread.
The findings are being presented at the Federation of Infections Societies Conference in Cardiff.
Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) strains of community-acquired MRSA can cause a condition called necrotizing pneumonia, which destroys lung tissue.
This only affects a minority of those infected, but can be deadly.
The emergence of community MRSA underlines just how good bacteria are at evolving to present us with new and difficult problems to solve
Professor Kevin Kerr
Harrogate Hospital
The condition is spread outside of hospitals via skin-to-skin contact and appears as sores which look like insect bites. In the very worst cases, it can kill in a day.
"These new strains of bacteria appear to be able to stick to damaged skin and airways better than the hospital MRSA strains, and they can also multiply at a faster rate," says Dr Marina Morgan, of the Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation NHS Trust.
So far these strains are mainly spreading in the US, where 12% of all MRSA cases are community-acquired, but the UK has seen an increasing number of cases.
It is unclear why children seem to be at particular risk, but the speculation is that older people in the community have fewer cuts and abrasions - a key transmission route - and have less contact with other people.
Professor Kevin Kerr, consultant microbiologist at Harrogate District Hospital, said: "MRSA is often thought as a hospital superbug, but we are becoming increasingly aware of strains which are causing infections outside hospital.
"The emergence of community MRSA underlines just how good bacteria are at evolving to present us with new and difficult problems to solve."
The Department of Health noted the condition was treatable, and that it was currently trying to establish prevalence.
"Clinicians have already been asked to be extra vigilant and report cases direct to the Health Protection Agency," a spokesperson said.
Nursing home threat
Meanwhile, Irish researchers are examining a new breed of bacteria which carry enzymes called extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs), which are capable of destroying a many common antibiotics.
They include a strain of E. Coli, which is spreading into nursing homes and communities across Europe.
This was held responsible for a severe outbreak of cystitis, a bladder infection, in the UK between 2003 and 2004.
"Although cystitis is not life threatening, it is the most common form of urinary tract infection, and the economic consequences of failing to treat an outbreak quickly and properly are considerable," said Dr Dearbhaile Morris, of the National University of Ireland.
"In severe infections, patients may suffer serious complications if the first antibiotic given to them does not work."
Mark Enright, professor of molecular epidemiology at Imperial College, said he was "not surprised" by the findings.
"The emergence and spread of ESBL E. Coli does give physicians problems in providing proper initial care for some patients especially those with urinary tract infections."
He added: "The control of infections in many nursing homes is inferior to hospitals despite the medication and specialist care required by some residents."
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/health/7115018.stm
Published: 2007/11/28 00:02:00 GMT
© BBC MMVII
Wednesday, October 10, 2007
Radical new drug can reverse effects of MS in just weeks
Scientists have succeeded in repairing the devastating nerve damage behind multiple sclerosis.
The breakthrough raises the prospect of new drugs for the debilitating condition which affects 2.5million around the world including 85,000 Britons.
The symptoms of MS, which range from clumsiness to paralysis, are caused by "friendly fire" from the body's immune system.
This destroys myelin, the fatty protective sheath around nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord.
Over time, the nerves become scarred and the transmission of signals is disrupted.
Existing drugs can ease symptoms, but they are not suitable for all and there is no cure for the condition. They involve calming down the immune system and reducing damaging inflammation.
Finding a way to repair damaged myelin is the 'holy grail' of MS research.
Now, American scientists have succeeded in using a human antibody to re-grow myelin in mice with multiple sclerosis.
Myelin repair normally occurs in the body spontaneously. But in MS and other disorders of the central nervous system the process is very slow or fails altogether.
The scientists found that a single low dose of the antibody was enough to kickstart the repair mechanism in mice.
The antibody drug was also effective when given in combination with the MS drug methylprednisolone.
The mice had the progressive form of the disease, in which the illness gradually worsens without any periods of remission.
Yesterday, the scientists who genetically engineered the healing antibody described their results as "very promising".
Dr Arthur Warrington, one of the team from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, said: "The findings could eventually lead to new treatments that could limit permanent disability."
Trials on humans are expected to allow further animal experiments.
British experts cautioned that the drug is still many years from the doctor's surgery.
Dr Laura Bell, of the MS Society, said: "Myelin repair is an exciting avenue of research that holds a lot of promise, which is why we have invested more than £3million in it at our research centres in Cambridge and Edinburgh.
"This is an exciting study but it is early days - we'll be keen to see how it works in people with MS."
Some MS patients suffer mild, intermittent symptoms for decades, while others steadily worsen, becoming blind or paralysed.
The discovery this year of two genes that increase the risk of MS was hailed as one of the biggest breakthroughs in fighting the condition in 30 years.
Friday, September 14, 2007
WEST LAFAYETTE, IN -- September 6, 2007 -- A biomedical engineer at Purdue University has developed a new method to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation that promises to be more effective than standard CPR because it increases nourishing blood flow through the heart by 25% over the current method.
A new technique is desperately needed because conventional CPR has a success rate of 5% to 10%, depending on how fast rescuers are able to respond and how well the procedure is performed. For every one minute of delay, the resuscitation rate decreases by 10%.
"In other words, at 10 minutes, the resuscitation is absolutely ineffective," said Leslie Geddes, Showalter Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Purdue's Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering. "Any medical procedure that had that low a success rate would be abandoned right away. But the alternative is not very good, either: Don't do CPR and the person is going to die."
Geddes has developed the first new CPR alternative, called "only rhythmic abdominal compression," or OAC-CPR, which works by pushing on the abdomen instead of the chest.
"There are major problems with standard CPR," Geddes said. "One is the risk of breaking ribs if you push too hard, but if you don't push hard you won't save the person. Another problem is the risk of transferring infection with mouth-to-mouth breathing."
The new CPR method eliminates both risks, Geddes said.
Findings will be detailed in a research paper appearing this month in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine, published by Elsevier Inc. The paper was authored by Geddes and his Purdue colleagues Ann E. Rundell, assistant professor of biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering doctoral student Aaron Lottes, and basic medical sciences graduate students Andre Kemeny and Michael Otlewski.
In standard chest-compression CPR, which has been in practice since the 1960s, the rescuer pushes on the chest and blows into the subject's mouth twice for every 30 chest compressions. However, the risk of infection is so grave that many doctors and nurses often refuse to administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. In one 1993 study of 433 doctors and 152 nurses, 45% of doctors and 80% of nurses said they would refuse to administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on a stranger.
"This is the real world that nobody knows about, and it's a sobering thought," Geddes said.
OAC-CPR eliminates the need to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
The American Heart Association requires that rescuers administering CPR push with enough force to depress the chest 1 and a half to 2 inches at a rate of 100 times per minute.
"To depress the chest 1.5 to 2 inches takes 100 to 125 pounds of force," Geddes said. "So you have to push pretty hard and pretty fast, and two people are needed to perform it properly. One blows up the lungs and the other compresses the chest. And when the one who's compressing the chest gets tired, they change positions."
OAC-CPR requires only one rescuer.
Instead of two breaths for every 30 chest compressions, the new procedure provides a breath for every abdominal compression because pushing on the abdomen depresses the diaphragm toward the head, expelling air from the lungs. The release of force causes inhalation.
Researchers have known since the 1980s that pushing on the abdomen circulates blood through the heart. The idea was originated by Purdue nursing doctoral student Sandra Ralston, Geddes said.
"She made the remarkable observation that if you pushed on the abdomen after each chest compression you could double the CPR blood flow," he said. "So I started thinking, what would happen if you just pushed on the abdomen and eliminated chest compression entirely?"
The procedure provides a new way to effectively perform "coronary perfusion," or pumping blood through the heart muscle, which is critical for successful resuscitation because the heart muscle is nourished by oxygenated blood, Geddes said.
"Unfortunately, in standard chest-compression CPR, blood sometimes flows in the wrong direction, which means the coronary blood flow goes backward, bringing de-oxygenated blood back into the heart muscle," Geddes said. "This retrograde flow reduces the likelihood of resuscitation."
Findings showed that OAC-CPR eliminates this backward flow.
The Purdue researchers compared coronary artery blood flow during standard chest-compression CPR with the flow resulting from only abdominal compression CPR. Findings showed that using the new method and pushing with the same force recommended for standard CPR provided 25% more blood flow through the heart muscle without retrograde flow in the coronary arteries.
The researchers followed the standard recommended by the American Heart Association, pushing with 100 pounds of pressure 100 times per minute.
"With OAC-CPR, you really don't have to press as hard or as often, but we followed the American Heart Association standard to avoid possible criticism from people who could have said we didn't observe the standard," Geddes said.
Another benefit of OAC-CPR is that it eliminates rib fractures, which are commonly caused by compressing the chest. Rib fractures cause the chest to recoil more slowly, but effective CPR requires that rescuers wait until the chest recoils fully before compressing.
Geddes created a wooden "pressure applicator" that resembles a scaled-down version of a baseball home plate. It is contoured so that it can be used to compress the abdomen without pushing on the ribs. However, a rescuer could push with the hands to perform the procedure if no applicator were available.
Abdominal organs contain about 25% of the total blood volume in the body.
"You can squeeze all of that into the central circulation when you press on the abdomen," Geddes said.
Whether the procedure gains widespread acceptance depends on whether other researchers can duplicate the results.
"In research, you publish data and then the scientific community looks at the data and tries to duplicate it to verify that it works," said Geddes, who was awarded the National Medal of Technology from President George W. Bush in a White House ceremony on July 27. It is the nation's highest honor for technological innovation.
The research was funded by the Purdue Trask Fund.
SOURCE: Purdue University
